Description

Chart Mitosis In Animals

This chart describes the process of mitosis in animals, it  explains various concepts related to biology through illustrations including its phases and key components.

• Nuclear envelope

Prophase | Chromosomes condense and become visible. Centrioles migrate to opposite poles and start organizing spindle fibers. | – Nuclear envelope begins to fragment. – Centrioles, located near the nucleus, replicate and move towards opposite poles.

• Spindle fibers, made of microtubules, start to form between the centrioles. | – Chromosomes (condensed)
• Centrioles
• Nuclear envelope (fragmenting)
• Spindle fibers (forming)

Prometaphase (Optional) | Nuclear envelope breaks down completely, allowing spindle fibers to interact with chromosomes. | – Nuclear envelope completely disappears. – Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores (protein complexes on centromeres) of chromosomes. | – Kinetochores

• Spindle fibers (attached)

Metaphase | Chromosomes align at the center (metaphase plate). | – Chromosomes are arranged single-file, ensuring equal distribution to daughter cells. – Spindle fibers connect to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore. | – Chromosomes (aligned)

• Kinetochores
• Spindle fibers (attached)
• Metaphase plate

Anaphase | Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. | – Spindle fibers shorten, pulling sister chromatids apart. – Separated chromatids become individual chromosomes. | – Chromosomes (individual)

• Spindle fibers (shortening)

Telophase | Nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense. | – Nuclear envelope reassembles around each set of chromosomes at opposite poles. – Chromosomes unwind and become less visible. | – Nuclear envelope (reforming)

• Chromosomes (decondensing)

Cytokinesis | Cell membrane pinches inward, dividing the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells. | – A cleavage furrow forms at the cell equator, pinching the cell membrane inward. – Cytoplasm and organelles are distributed roughly equally between the two daughter cells. | – Cleavage furrow

Additional Notes:

• Mitosis is responsible for animal growth, development, tissue repair, and cell replacement.
• Centrioles are organelles that help organize the spindle fibers during mitosis.

This chart provides a foundational understanding of mitosis in animals. You can create a visual representation based on this information to enhance learning.